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Choshu domain
長州藩
毛利藩
alternative words: Choshuhan, Choshu-han, Choshu han, Choshu, Mouri domain, Mouri han, Mouri
keywords:
meiji revolution
,
state
related topics:
Muromachi period
,
Sengoku period
,
Mouri Motonari
,
Battle of Sekigahara
,
Tokugawa Ieyasu
,
Meiji revolution
,
Jito
,
Omura Masujiro
related web sites:
http://www21.big.or.jp/~kirin/
explanation: Nominated as a "Jito" in Hiroshima prefecture during Muromachi period, Mouri family extended their domain to the whole Chugoku region during Sengoku period under the guidance of Motonari. During the battle of Sekigahara, they kept a neutrality but Tokugawa Ieyasu punished them severely and their domain shrank only to one fifth of before the battle, i.e. actual Yamaguchi prefecture. For that reason, they became the most determined enemy of Edo shogunate during Meiji revolution.
Goki shichido
五畿七道
alternative words: Gokishichido, Goki shichidou, Gokishichidou
keywords:
law
,
state
related topics:
Ritsuryo system
,
Kuni
explanation: Geographic division of Japan in Ritsuyo system. 5 kuni around the capital were grouped in Goki or 5 ki (ki means place directly administered by emperor) where the farmers were exempted from the tax in exchange with a labor force while the provinces were grouped in Shichido or 7 roads where relays along the main roads were installed to ease official travels. Goki were Yamato, Yamashiro, Settsu, Kochi and Izumi while Shichido were Hokuriku, Tosan, Tokai, Sanin, Sanyo, Nankai and Saikai.
Izumo dynasty
出雲王朝
alternative words: Izumo ocho, Izumoocho, Izumo ouchou, Izumo
keywords:
family
,
mythology
,
state
related topics:
Nihonshoki
,
Yamato dynasty
,
Susano
,
Okuninushi
related web sites:
http://www.lares.dti.ne.jp/~sako/
,
http://www.furutasigaku.jp/jfuruta/kouen4/kouen4.html
explanation: Located in Shimane prefecture, Izumo region had been the first political center of Japan, because not only it owned an important iron mine but a maritime current arrives there from the eastern Korean coast. According to Nihonshoki, the dynasty should have been created by Susano and his son in law, Okuninushi no mikoto but later peacefully surrendered to Yamato dynasty. The discovery of a huge number of bronze sabers at Kojin valley in 1984 confirmed the existence of this dynasty.
Koguryo
高句麗
高麗
alternative words: Koguryo kingdom, Koma, Kokuri, Koukuri
keywords:
korea
,
state
related topics:
Silla
,
Paekche
,
Empress Jingu
related web sites:
http://www.portnet.ne.jp/~berry/zino/koguryo.html
,
http://sunak2.cs.shinshu-u.ac.jp/~nakano/misc/cult04.html
explanation: One of 3 Korean kingdoms which appeared around 30 BC in south-east Manchuria. By expelling Chinese from the region, it extended the territory to north Korea. 19th King, Kwanggaet successfully pushed away Japanese attack. His successors snatched lands from Silla and Paekche and moved the capital to Pyongyang in 586. In 668, suffering a simultaneous attack of Silla and Chinese Tang, Koguryo surrendered and many aristocrats fled to the north to found Bohai kingdom.
Kuni
国
alternative words: Country, State, Nation, Province
keywords:
law
,
state
related topics:
Ritsuryo system
,
Kokushi
,
Shugo
,
Han
,
Kuni no miyatsuko
,
Goki shichido
explanation: As any other languages, Kuni has 2 meanings: "nation" as a whole and its regional units, province. Due to her isolation, Japan used frequently the second meaning in the past. Under Ritsuryo regime of 8th century, Japan was divided into 58 kuni and 66 kuni under Engishiki of 10th century. Initially kuni was administered by kokushi appointed by Yamato court then by shugo appointed by Kamakura shogunate but they lost gradually power and han administered by daimyo became regional units.
Kuni no miyatsuko
国造
alternative words: Kuninomiyatsuko, Kuni no miyakko, Kuninomiyakko, Kokuso
keywords:
law
,
state
related topics:
Kuni
,
Kokushi
,
Ritsuryo system
explanation: Literally "country creator", it designates the governor of kuni (regional province) before a replacement by kokushi under Ritsuryo system of 7-8th centuries. Issued from families surrendered to Yamato court during the unification process of Japan or descents of Yamato court's princes who had replaced the resistant powers, there had been more than 100 "kuni no miyatsuko", i.e. kuni had been smaller. Under Ritsuryo system, most of them became county governor (Gunshi).
Matsumae domain
松前藩
alternative words: Matsumae han, Matsumaehan, Seignory of Matsumae, Matsumae
keywords:
northern territory
,
state
related topics:
Muromachi period
,
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
,
Tokugawa Ieyasu
,
Edo shogunate
,
Ezochi
,
Basho
,
Kushunkotan
,
Hakodate bugyo
related web sites:
http://www.karafuto.com
explanation: Domain located in Hokkaido and controlled by Matsumae family until the end of Edo shogunate. From Muromaichi period, Japanese began to immigrate to Hokkaido. Matsumae unified this chaotic movement and Toyotomi Hideyosu as well as Tokugawa Ieyasu granted their domain. Sparsely populated, Matsume let exploit it to wealthy Tokyo and Osaka's merchants. When Russian incursions began in the 18th century, Edo shogunate put the domain to direct administration.
Mimana
任那
伽耶
alternative words: Kaya
keywords:
korea
,
state
related topics:
Yamataikoku
,
Silla
related web sites:
http://www5d.biglobe.ne.jp/~tosikenn/0415b.html
explanation: Southern extremity of Korean peninsula had been inhabited by Japanese. It appeared in the 3th century as one of states composing Yamataikoku with the name of "Kuyakankoku". Due to its strategic position and iron mine, Japan had extended this zone during 4th century then it began to shrink and disappeared in 562: because of an appearance of horse riding battles in Korean peninsula, it became more and more difficult to keep this zone for Japanese. Kaya is the Korean name of Minama.
Paekche
百済
百済国
alternative words: Paekche kingdom, Kudara, Hyakusai
keywords:
korea
,
state
related topics:
Silla
,
Battle of Hakusukinoe
,
Emperor Kanmu
,
Empress Jingu
related web sites:
http://www.coara.or.jp/~mieko/koreahistory/koreahistory6.htm
explanation: One of 3 Korean kingdoms which occupied the south west of Korean peninsula between 4th and 7th centuries. According to a legend, the people might originate from Fuyo, another Korean kingdom which preexisted in Manchuria. During fierce competitions between 3 kingdoms, Paekche had gradually lost territories in spite of a support of Japan and the capital fell in 660. During the last days, many aristocrats and intellectuals fled to Japan. Emperor Kanmu's mother stemmed from them.
Ryukyu
琉球
琉球王国
alternative words: Ryuukyuu, Ryu-kyu, Ryukyu kingdom, Ryukyu island, Okinawa
keywords:
state
related topics:
Satsuma domain
related web sites:
http://www.hi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/personal/yokoyama/index.htm
,
http://www.lib.u-ryukyu.ac.jp/academic/bull/photo/
explanation: Old name of Okinawa. Initially Chinese designated all the islands located on the east of Fukien province as Ryukyu. Because of its isolated geography, the unification process had been slow. It began in the 12th century and ended the 14th century when Sho dynasty had conquered all the archipelagos. Once a prosperous independent kingdom, thanks to its strategic position and the export of sulfur (to create explosive), it surrendered quickly before Japanese musketeers in 1609.
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17 articles extracted from postgresql database.
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French version