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Bugyo
奉行
alternative words: Bugyou, Commissioner, Magistrate, Magistracy
keywords:
office
,
title
related topics:
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
,
Edo shogunate
,
Hakodate bugyo
,
Machi bugyo
explanation: A high ranking official of samirai, the name appeared first during Kamakura period and the function had changed with the epochs. The most well known examples are 5 Bugyo of Toyotomi Hideyoshi and different bugyos of Edo shogunate. For the latter case, bugyo is virtually equivalent to a government minister, a big city's mayor or a regional governor. For example: Kanjo bugyo = finance minister, Edo-machi bugyo = Tokyo's mayor, Hakodate bugyo = Hokkaido's governor.
Daikan
代官
keywords:
title
related topics:
Edo shogunate
,
Daimyo
explanation: Literally "substitute official", they were sent by Daimyo to administer their fiefs and collect tax in feudal Japan but generally, man refers to daikan of Edo shogunate due to the vastness of lands to administer (one quarter of Japan): they had a huge responsibility and frequently accused of corruption. They depended on Kanjo bugyo (finance minister) and their lands were called "tenryo" (celestial feud). Edo shogunate had 37 daikan at the end of its reign.
Daimyo
大名
alternative words: Daimyou, Japanese seignior, Japanese lord, Feudal lord
keywords:
title
,
war lord
related topics:
Edo period
,
Edo shogunate
,
Battle of Sekigahara
,
Sankinkotai
,
Koku
,
Fudai
,
Tozama
,
Shugo daimyo
related web sites:
http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~me4k-skri/
explanation: During Edo period, It designated the seignior who owned the lands of which total rice production surpassed 10,000 koku (1 koku is about 180 liters of rice grains). Their existed about 300 daimyo and the biggest was 1,200,000 koku of Kaga domain but the most of daimyo owned only between 10,000 and 30,000 koku. They were classed to 3 categories: "shinpan" are relatives of shogun, "fudai" were already allied before the battle of Sekigahara and "tozama" are someone else.
Fudai
譜代
譜代大名
alternative words: Fudai daimyo
keywords:
title
,
war lord
related topics:
Daimyo
,
Edo period
,
Battle of Sekigahara
,
Koku
,
Tozama
,
Roju
explanation: Title given to daimyo during Edo period. They had allied to Tokugawa family before Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Being considered as reliable, only Fudai were allowed to participate to Edo shogunate's cabinet and occupied the important post such as Roju. The biggest Fudai was Ii family of Hikone with 350,000 koku but the most of them received less than 100,000 koku.
Genro
元老
keywords:
meiji revolution
,
title
related topics:
Meiji revolution
,
Meiji period
,
Ito Hirobumi
,
Yamagata Aritomo
,
Oyama Iwao
,
Saionji Kinmochi
explanation: Literally "original elders", they come from the most important contributors of Meiji revolution still alive after the promulgation of Meiji constitution. Though, they owned no legal base, they were acting as tutors of the current politicians and charged with designating the next prim minister. Ito Hirobumi, Kuroda Kiyotaka, Yamagata Aritomo, Oyama Iwao, Saionji Kinmochi, Katsura Taro, Saigo Koremichi, Inoue Kaoru and Matsukata Masayoshi are traditionally called "Genro".
Gokenin
御家人
alternative words: Shogun's vassal, Shogun's retainer
keywords:
title
related topics:
Kamakura shogunate
,
Minamoto no Yoritomo
,
Shugo
,
Jito
,
Hatamoto
,
Edo shogunate
,
Koku
related web sites:
http://www26.tok2.com/home/gokenin/
explanation: Direct shogun's retainers. At the beginning of Kamakura shogunate, about 2000 warriors were declared vassals of Minamoto no Yoritomo and became Gokenin. They were appointed to Shugo or Jito posts. In Edo shogunate, the title became more complex: Gokenin received the annual salary of less than 260 koku, Hatamoto up to 10,000 koku, and Daimyo beyond. There were about 18,000 Gokenin but their life was difficult due to the development of a money based economy.
Gosanke
御三家
alternative words: Three successor houses, 3 successor houses, Vice shogun
keywords:
family
,
title
related topics:
Edo shogunate
,
Shogun
,
Tokugawa Ieyasu
,
Tokugawa Yoshinobu
,
Tokugawashi
explanation: 3 families issued from 3 young children of Tokugawa Ieyasu and allowed to succeed a shogun, if the latter dies without a male successor. They are: Kii domain in Wakayama prefecture, Owari domain in Aichi prefecture and Mito domain in Ibaraki prefecture. They had been also allowed to carry the name of Tokugawa, same as shogun himself and to give advices on the policy of shogunate.
Hatamoto
旗本
keywords:
title
related topics:
Edo shogunate
,
Koku
,
Bugyo
,
Gokenin
,
Enomoto Takeaki
,
Katsu Kaishu
explanation: Direct Edo shogun's retainers. They were frequently descendants of warriors who helped Tokugawa family to become shogun. They were allowed to meet the shogun and received the annual salary of more than 260 koku. Their number was about 5,000. Lower ranked retainers were called "Gokenin". If Hatamoto was appointed to an official post such as Bugyo, he received a supplementary salary (Yaku buchi). Enomoto Takeaki and Katsu Kaishu were Hatamoto.
Jito
地頭
地頭職
alternative words: Jitou, Jito shiki
keywords:
title
related topics:
Kamakura shogunate
,
Shoen
,
Minamoto no Yoritomo
,
Muromachi period
explanation: An administrator of manor (Shoen), this title had been officialized by Yoritomo and granted the right of tax collection and police over Shoen. Initially nominated only in the eastern Japan, the power base of Yoritomo, after Jokyu disturbance of 1221, Jito system was generalized in the western Japan, too. Because of repeated conflicts between Jito and Shoen's owners, some preferred to give up a half of their lands to be quiet (Shitaji Chubun), so Jito himself became a Shoen's owner.
Jokou
上皇
alternative words: Joukou, Retired emperor
keywords:
emperor
,
title
related topics:
Minamoto no Yoritomo
,
Kamakura shogunate
,
Insei
,
Emperor Gotoba
explanation: When state affairs became too complex, some emperors prefer to retire and act as tutor of an emperor at shadow. The first example of Jokou was Impress Jito who acted as tutor of Emperor Monmu. When Jokou became a priest, he was called "Hoou". The famous examples of Jokou or Hoou are Goshirakawa hoou who opposed to Minamoto no Yoritomo and Gotoba jokou who organized Shoku rebellion against Kamakura shogunate. The politics carried out by Jokou or Hoou were called Insei.
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34 articles extracted from postgresql database.
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French version